Emperor Penguins-Antarctica

What challenge do the penguins have to overcome?The cold ,hard wind hunger predators.How does their habitat challenge their livelihood each day?Each day is getting the wind and the cold and huger for the baby and the parents too.What types of adaptations do penguins need in order to survive brutal winters and predators?They use their skin,fur,claws in their feet and their belly.

Why is there a period of time in which there is practically no sunlight?How does this affect the climate?If theirs no sunlight the place in the penguins will get more cold because sun makes heat.